Personalidad en pacientes con trastorno alimentario en función de la presencia/ausencia de comorbilidad con trastorno límite de la personalidad / Personality in patients with eating disorders depending on the presence/absence of comorbidity with borderline personality disorder

Resumen Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condición que dificulta el diagnóstico y ensombrece el pronóstico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patológicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino además en función de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comórbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar síntomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizó por mayor compulsividad, principalmente el subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos últimos compartieron un amplio número de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y también -aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en función de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas.

Abstract Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs. BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications.

Sexual compulsivity, anxiety, depression, and sexual risk behavior among treatment-seeking men in São Paulo, Brazil

Objective: There is a lack of studies on negative mood states and sexual risk behavior in men of all sexual orientations who seek treatment for excessive sexual behavior (ESB). We aim to examine sexual compulsivity (SC), anxiety, depression, and sexual risk behavior in a treatment-seeking sample of men and controls. Methods: We enrolled 88 (37 [42%] gay or bisexual and 51 [58%] heterosexual) ESB outpatients and 64 controls. Assessments included the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and sexual risk behaviors. Results: Compared to controls, ESB outpatients showed increased SC, anxiety, and depression, which were correlated. Regarding sex with casual partners, ESB outpatients reported more sexual intercourse, a greater number of partners, more anal intercourse, and unprotected anal intercourse. Anxiety, depression, and SC were associated with protected vaginal intercourse with a main partner, whereas they were associated with unprotected anal intercourse with a casual partner. Depression was associated with unprotected vaginal intercourse with a casual partner. Condomless anal intercourse was predicted by SC and was also reported by the heterosexual ESB outpatients (36%). Conclusion: The data contribute to the field by providing information on men of all sexual orientations who are searching for mental healthcare. The connections among these psychopathological factors and sexual risk behavior have implications for public health, clinicians, and research.

Jogos eletrônicos: corporeidade, violência e compulsividade / Electronic games: corporality, violence and compulsivity / Juegos electrónicos: corporeidad, violencia y compulsividad

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as representações de jovens praticantes de jogos eletrônicos sobre o modo como se veem e de que forma concebem tais práticas. Foi aplicada uma entrevista a 12 jovens escolhidos por conveniência na faixa entre 13 e 21 anos que jogam jogos eletrônicos no mínimo cinco vezes ao dia entre uma a cinco horas. Identificou-se que os sentidos da corporeidade, da violência e da compulsividade só podem ser pensados no contexto da construção imaginária do jogador e, nesse sentido, tal compreensão sinaliza para inúmeras questões do ponto de vista pedagógico.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to identify the representations of young people who play video games about how they see themselves and to determine how they conceive such practices. The interview was applied to 12 (twelve) young people chosen by convenience, aged between thirteen and twenty-one years, who play electronic games at least five times a day spending between one and five hours doing so. It was found that the senses of corporeality, of violence and compulsion, which appeared as research results can only be thought of in the context of the player's imaginary construction and in this sense, such an understanding signals to many issues from a pedagogical point of view.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las representaciones de los jóvenes que juegan a videojuegos sobre cómo se ven y determinar cómo conciben estas prácticas. Se entrevistó a 12 (doce) jóvenes elegidos por conveniencia, de edades comprendidas entre trece y veintiún años, y que juegan con juegos electrónicos por lo menos cinco veces al día de una a cinco horas al día. Se encontró que los sentidos de la corporeidad, la violencia y la compulsividad, que aparecieron como resultados de la investigación sólo se pueden considerar en el contexto de la construcción imaginaria del jugador y, en este sentido, esta interpretación plantea múltiples cuestiones desde un punto de vista pedagógico.